Utilization of Septic Tank Waste to Enhancement the Growth of Spinach in Various Media

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Ahmad Arif Darmawan
Akhmad Fatah Hidayat
Adib Aditya Permadi
Hendri Wibowo
Reo Sambodo
A.H. Syaeful Anwar
Joko Maryanto
M. Nazarudin Budiono
Renan Subantoro
Eni Yulianingsih
Ika Ferry Yunianti

Abstract

Septic tank waste can be used as a new alternative to be used as fertilizer because human excrement contains the availability of nutrients needed by plants. The research aimed to know the effect of liquid organic fertilizers dose, and plant media type of both to increase the growth and the production of plant spinach. The experimental design used was Block Randomized Design factorial with 9 treatments and 3 replicates. The first factor consists of 3 doses of fermented septic tank waste of human feces. Namely doses of 0 mL/plant (K1), 0,4 mL/plant (K2), 0,6 mL/plant (K3). The second factor is the planting medium consisting of 3 kinds of land or control (M0), land + husk charcoal (M1), land + Manure (M2). The observed variables include the number of leaves, plant height, root length, fresh weight of plant, root fresh weight, dry weight, root dry weight of the plant. The results showed that the fermented septic tank waste 0,6 mL (K3) influential real against the number of leaves. Granting planting media differ very markedly against all variable observations i.e. high number of plants, leaves, root length, fresh weight of plant, root fresh weight, dry weight, root dry weight of the plant. All variables are not found the existence of an interaction between fermented septic tank waste with the media.

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

Author Biographies

Ahmad Arif Darmawan, Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta

Department of Agrotechnology

Akhmad Fatah Hidayat, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Department of Agrotechnology

Adib Aditya Permadi, Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Department of Agribussiness

Hendri Wibowo, Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Department of Agribussiness

Reo Sambodo, Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta

Department of Agrotechnology

A.H. Syaeful Anwar, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Department of Agrotechnology

Joko Maryanto, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Department of Agrotechnology

M. Nazarudin Budiono, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Department of Agrotechnology

Renan Subantoro, Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Department of Agribussiness

Eni Yulianingsih, IAERI

EAGRK

Ika Ferry Yunianti, IAERI

EAGRK

How to Cite
Darmawan, A. A., Hidayat, A. F., Permadi, A. A., Wibowo, H., Sambodo, R., Anwar, A. S., Maryanto, J., Budiono, M. N., Subantoro, R. ., Yulianingsih, E., & Yunianti, I. F. (2023). Utilization of Septic Tank Waste to Enhancement the Growth of Spinach in Various Media. Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology, 7(3), 246-258. https://doi.org/10.55043/jaast.v7i3.134

References

  1. Abror, M., & Alhaq, M. H. (2017). Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Cair dan Kombinasi Media Organik Terhadap Tanaman Cabai Merah (Capsicum annum L.). Nabatia, 5(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.21070/nabatia.v5i1.853
  2. Agarwal, A., Gupta, S. D., Barman, M., & Mitra, A. (2018). Photosynthetic Apparatus Plays A Central Role In Photosensitive Physiological Acclimations Affecting Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Growth In Response To Blue And Red Photon Flux Ratios. Environ. Exp. Bot. 156, 170–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2018.09.009
  3. Amir, B. (2018). Effect of Using Mulch on Growth and the Results of Mustard Plants (Brassica Juncea L.) at Different Plant Spacing. Savana Cendana, 3(04), 61-63. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32938/sc.v3i04.456.
  4. Andreev, N., Rontetap, M., Boicean, B., & Lens, P. N. L. (2018). Lactic Acid Fermentation Of Human Excreta For Agricultural Application. Journal of Environmental Management, 206(2018), 890-900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.072
  5. Arista, D., Suryono., & Sudadi. (2015). Efek dari Kombinasi Pupuk N, P dan K terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kacang Tanah pada Lahan Kering Alfisol. Agrosains, 17(2), 49-52. https://doi.org/10.20961/agsjpa.v17i2.18672
  6. Balittanah [Balai Penelitian Tanah]. (2009). Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air, dan Pupuk. In Balai Penelitian Tanah. Balai Penelitian Tanah. https://doi.org/10.30965/9783657766277_011
  7. Barickman, T. C., & Kopsell, D. A., (2016). Nitrogen Form And Ratio Impact Swiss Chard (Beta Vulgaris Subsp. Cicla) Shoot Tissue Carotenoid And Chlorophyll Concentrations. Sci. Hortic, 204, 99–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.04.007
  8. BPS [Badan Pusat Statistik]. (2021). Produksi Bayam Tahun 2021. Jakarta Pusat : Badan Pusat Statistik.
  9. Caskiwan, Eris, F. R., Nurmayulis., & Denny, Y. R. (2019). Effect Of Organic Matter Of Chicken Manure With Bioactivator Application Of Microbial Rhizosphere Inoculant To Growth And Yield Of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill). The 1st International Conference on Agriculture and Rural Development, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 383(2019)012020, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/383/1/012020
  10. Chowdhury, M., Kiraga, S., Islam, M. N., Ali, M., Reza, M. N., Lee, W., & Chung, S. (2021). Effects of Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Growth and Glucosinolate Content of Kale Grown in a Plant Factory. Foods, 10(7), 1524. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10071524
  11. Dani, U., Budiarti, A. N. S., & Wijaya, A. A. (2021). Application of Chicken manure Dosage and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacetria on the Growth and Yield of Shallot Plants (Allium ascalonicum L.). ACIFAS 2020, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 748(2021)012044, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/748/1/012044
  12. Desoky, E. M., Saad, A. M., El-Saadony, M. T., Merwad, A. M., & Rady, M. M. (2020). Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria: Potential Improvement In Antioxidant Defense System And Suppression Of Oxidative Stress For Alleviating Salinity Stress In Triticum aestivum (L.) Plants. Biocatal. Agric, 30(2), 101878 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101878
  13. Febriyono, R., Susilowati, Y. E., & Suprapto, A. (2017). Peningkatan Hasil Tanaman Kangkung Darat (Ipomoea reptans, L.) Melalui Perlakuan Jarak Tanam dan Jumlah Tanaman Per Lubang. VIGOR: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Tropika dan Subtropika, 2(1), 22–27. https://doi.org/10.31002/vigor.v2i1.323
  14. Fevria, R., Aliciafarma, S., Vauzia., & Edwin. (2021). Comparison of Nutritional Content of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) Cultivated Hydroponically and Non-Hydroponically. Journal of Physics: Conference Series ICOMSET 2020, 1940(012049), 1-4. https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1940/1/012049
  15. Fitriana, S., Dian, M. A. P., & Setiawan, A. (2017). IbM Pemanfaatan Tinja Menjadi Pupuk Cair Organik di Kelurahan Tambakrejo. E-DIMAS, 8(1), 96-103. https://dx.doi.org/10.26877/e-dimas.v8i1.1378
  16. Gadallah, F. M., El-Sawah, N. A., Belal, H. E. E., Majrashi, A., El-Tahan, A. M., El-Saadony, M. T., Elrys, A. S., & El-Saadony, F. M. A. (2022). Nitrogen-Molybdenum-Manganese Co-Fertilization Reduces Nitrate Accumulation And Enhances Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) yield and its quality. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 29(4), 2238-2246. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.036
  17. Gillespie, D. P., Papio, G., & Kubota, C. (2021). High Nutrient Concentrations of Hydroponic Solution Can Improve Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Grown in Acidic Nutrient Solution. HORTSCIENCE, 56(6), 687–694. 2021. https://dx.doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15777-21
  18. Guo, X. X., Liu, H. T., & Wu, S. B., (2019). Humic Substances Developed During Organic Waste Composting: Formation Mechanisms, Structural Properties, And Agronomic Functions. Sci. Total Environ, 662, 501–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.137
  19. Intara, Y. I., Sapei, A., Sembiring, N., & Djoefrie, M.H. (2011). Pengaruh Pemberian Bahan Organik Pada Tanah Liat Dan Lempung Berliat Terhadap Kemampuan Mengikat Air. Jurnal Pertanian Indonesia, 16(2), 130-135. https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/JIPI/article/view/6457
  20. Lessy, N. S. & Pratiwi, A. (2020). Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Cair Limbah Bakpia Dan Tahu Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bayam Hijau (Amaranthus viridis L.). Bioma, 9(1), 116-128. https://doi.org/10.26877/bioma.v9i1.6038
  21. Lingga, P. & Marsono. (2013). Petunjuk Penggunaan Pupuk. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta.
  22. Machado, R. M. A., Alves-Pereira, I., & Ferreira, R. M. A., (2018). Plant Growth, Phytochemical Accumulation, And Antioxidant Activity Of Substrate-Grown Spinach. Heliyon, 4(8), 751-761. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00751
  23. Machado, R. M. A., Alves-Pereira, I., Lourenco, D., & Ferreira, R. M. A. (2020). Effect Of Organic Compost And Inorganic Nitrogen Fertigation On Spinach Growth, Phytochemical Accumulation And Antioxidant Activity. Heliyon, 6(9), 1-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05085
  24. Mdoda, L., Obi, A., Ncoyini-Manciya, Z., Christian, M., Mayekiso, A. Assessment of profit efficiency for spinach production under small-scale irrigated agriculture in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Sustainability 2022, 14, 2991. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052991
  25. Mishra, A., Taing, K., Hall, M.W., Shinogi, Y. (2017). Effects of Rice Husk and Rice Husk Charcoal on Soil Physicochemical Properties, Rice Growth and Yield. Agricultural Science, 8(9), 1014-1032. https://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2017.89074
  26. Mola, I. D., Cozzolino, E., Ottaiano, L., Nocerino, S., Rouphael, Y., Colla, G., El-Nakhel, C., & Mori, M. (2020). Nitrogen Use and Uptake Efficiency and Crop Performance of Baby Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and Lamb’s Lettuce (Valerianella locusta L.) Grown under Variable Sub-Optimal N Regimes Combined with Plant-Based Biostimulant Application. Agronomy, 10(2), 278. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020278
  27. Nemadodzi, L. E., Araya, H., Nkomo, M., Ngezimana, W., & Mudau, N. F. (2017). Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Effects on the Physiology and Response Biomass Yield of Baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Journal of Plant Nutrition, 40(14), 2033-2044. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2017.1346121
  28. Nur, T., Noor, A.R., & Elma, M. (2016). Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair dari Sampah Organik Rumah Tangga dengan Penambahan Bioaktivator EM4 (Effective Microorganisms). Konversi, 5(2), 5-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/k.v5i2.4766
  29. Petropoulos, S., Fernandes, A., Karkanisc, A., Antoniadisd, V., Barros, L., & Ferreira, I.C.F.R. (2018). Nutrient Solution Composition And Growing Season Affect Yield And Chemical Composition Of Cichorium Spinosum Plants. Sci. Hortic, 231(1), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.12.022
  30. Purnama, A. M. S., Mutakin, J., & Nafia'ah, H. H. (2021). Pengaruh Berbagai Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) Azolla pinnata dan Jarak Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica juncea L.). Journal of Agrotechnonogy and Science, 6(1), 65-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.52434/jagros.v6i1.1621
  31. Qadir, O., Siervo, M., Seal, C. J., & Brandt, K., (2017). Manipulation Of Contents Of Nitrate, Phenolic Acids, Chlorophylls, And Carotenoids In Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Via Contrasting Responses To Nitrogen Fertilizer When Grown In A Controlled Environment. J. Agric. Food Chem, 65, 10003–10010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03675
  32. Roidah, I. S. (2013). Manfaat Penggunaan Pupuk Organik untuk Kesuburan Tanah. Jurnal Universitas Tulungagung BONOROWO, 1(1), 30-42. https://doi.org/10.36563/bonorowo.v1i1.5
  33. Rouphael, Y., Kyriacou, M. C., Petropoulos, S. A., Pascale, S., & Colla, G., (2018). Improving Vegetable Quality In Controlled Environments. Sci. Hortic. 234, 275–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.02.033
  34. Saha, N., McGaughy, K., David, S.C., Reza, M.T. 2021. Assessing hydrothermal carbonization as sustainable home sewage management for rural counties: A case study from Appalachian Ohio. Science of the Total Environment 781 (146648). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146648
  35. Sarawa, & Baco, A. R. (2014). Partisi Fotosintat beberapa Kultivar Kedelai (Glicine max. (L.) Merr.) pada Ultisol. JURNAL AGROTEKNOS, 4(3), 152-159. http://dx.doi.org/10.56189/ja.v4i3.220
  36. Savvas, D., & Gruda, N. (2018). Application Of Soilless Culture Technologies In The Modern Greenhouse Industry – A Review. Eur. J. Hort. Sci. 83, 280–293. https://dx.doi.org/10.17660/ejhs.2018/83.5.2
  37. Setiawati, T., Rahmawati, F., & Supriatun, T. (2018). Pertumbuhan Tanaman Bayam Cabut (Amaranthus tricolor L.) dengan Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Kascing dan Mulsa Serasah Daun Bambu. Jurnal ILMU DASAR, 19(1), 37-44. https://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jid.v19i1.5305
  38. Sofyan, S. E., Riniarti, M., & Duryat. (2014). Pemanfaatan Limbah Teh, Sekam Padi, dan Arang Sekam Sebagai Media Tumbuh Bibit Trembesi (Samanea saman). Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 2(2), 61-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl2261-70
  39. Stringer, L. C., Fraser, E. D. G., Harris, D., Lyon, L., Pereira, L., Ward, C. F. M., Simelton, E. (2020). Adaptation and development pathways for different types of farmers. Environmental Science & Policy, 104, 174-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.10.007
  40. Supriati, Y., & Herliana, E. (2014). 15 Sayuran Organik Dalam Pot. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta.
  41. Thapa, P., Shrestha, R. K., Kafle, K., & Shrestha, J. (2021). Effect of different levels of nitrogen and farmyard manure on the growth and yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Agraarteadus Journal of Agricultural Science, 2(32), 335-340. https://dx.doi.org/10.15159/jas.21.21
  42. Tran, T., Hong, L.T. A., Kieu, N. T. T., Tuong, L. Q., Tan, L. V. (2020). Study on septic sludge utilization to coordinate with agricultural wastes to produce compost fertilizer. ICCEIB IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 991(2020), 012089. https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/991/1/012089
  43. Tshikalange, B., Ololade, O., Jonas, C., Bello, Z. A. (2022). Effectiveness of cattle dung biogas digestate on spinach growth and nutrient uptake. Heliyon, 8(3), e09195. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09195
  44. Wahono, E, Izzati, M., & Parman, S. (2018). Interaksi antara Tingkat Ketersediaan Air dan Varietas terhadap Kandungan Prolin serta Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merr). Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi, 3(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.3.1.2018.11-19
  45. Wang, S., Zheng, W., Currell, M., Yang, Y., Zhao, H., Mengyu, Lv. 2017. Relationship between land-use and sources and fate of nitrate in groundwater in a typical recharge area of the North China Plain. Science of the Total Environment 609(2017): 607-620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.176
  46. Widyantika, S.D. & Prijono, S. (2019). Pengaruh Biochar Sekam Padi Dosis Tinggi Terhadap Sifat Fisik Tanah Dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung Pada Typic Kanhapludult. Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, 6(1), 1157-1163. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2019.006.1.14
  47. Xi, N., Li, Y., Chen, J., Yang, Y., Duan, J., & Xia, X. (2021). Elevated Temperatures Decrease the Photodegradation Rate of Pyrethroid Insecticides on Spinach Leaves: Implications for the Effect of Climate Warming. Environ. Sci. Technol, 55(2), 1167–1177. https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c06959?ref=pdf
  48. Yang, G., Zhao, H., Zhang, M., Dongdong, C., Chen J., Ma J., & Liu, Z. (2020). Liquid urea-formaldehyde slow release fertilizer reduced the frequency of fertigation and increased the yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Journal of Plant Nutrition, 44(20), 2971-2983. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2021.1936030
  49. Yoedhistira, A. R., & Darmawan, A. A. (2022). Effect of Treatment of Husk Charcoal and Chicken Manure Fertilizer on Growth and Production of The Mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Savana Cendana, 7(1), 16-20. https://dx.doi.org/10.32938/sc.v7i01.1712
  50. Yuniansyah, Y., Darmawan, A., Suparto, S., & Suyanto, A. (2022). Eggshell and Rice Washing Water as Nutrition DFT (Deep Flow Technique) Hydroponic on The Growth of Red Spinach and Green Spinach. Savana Cendana, 7(04), 65-68. https://doi.org/10.32938/sc.v7i04.1883
  51. Zulkarnain, M., Prasetya, B., & Soemarno. (2013). Pengaruh Kompos, Pupuk Kandang, dan Custom-Bio Terhadap Sifat Tanah, Pertumbuhan, dan Hasil Tebu (Saccharum Officinarum L) Pada Entisol di Kebun Ngrangkah-Pawon, Kediri. Indonesian green technology journal, 2(1), 1-10. https://igtj.ub.ac.id/index.php/igtj/article/view/103